Orinoco Matamata

Overview

A recently recognised species separated from the Amazonian matamata on the basis of genetic and morphological differences, found in the Orinoco basin. It shares the flattened, leaf-like shell, fringed head, and striking vacuum-feeding method for catching fish. It is fully aquatic and little studied.

Classification

The Orinoco Matamata belongs to the suborder Pleurodira (side-neck turtles) and the family Chelidae. It is a largely southern-hemisphere family of side-neck turtles that bend the neck sideways rather than retracting it straight back. Its scientific name is Chelus orinocensis.

Appearance & Distinguishing Features

They are highly diverse in form, from long-necked snake-necked turtles to short-necked river species, generally with streamlined shells suited to freshwater life.

Habitat & Distribution

They occur across Australia, New Guinea, and South America in rivers, lakes, swamps, and temporary wetlands.

Diet & Feeding

Most are carnivorous or omnivorous, taking insects, fish, crustaceans, and plant matter depending on the species.

Behavior & Conservation

Many lay flexible-shelled eggs and show strong site fidelity to waterways. Several Australian species appear in the pet trade, while some are threatened by habitat loss and introduced predators.

Popularity & Recognition

The long-necked 'snake-neck' turtles are especially recognisable in Australian waterways and aquaria.